Over the freshwater marshes of central southern Florida the Snail Kite slowly flies with broad, bowed wings. The male is a deep slate gray-black while the female and young birds are dark brown above and streaked brown below. Both sexes, and all age groups, are instantly recognized by their contrasting white undertail coverts and the white at the base of their tail feathers on both upper and lower surfaces. The remainder of the long, square-tipped tail is dark with a very narrow white or buff terminal band. The Snail Kite flies close to the water's surface, searching for apple snails, its primary food. Snails rise close to the surface on stalks of submerged vegetation. The kite deftly snatches the snail, barely getting its leg wet.
SIZE
The Snail Kite is a medium-sized hawk. Females are slightly larger than males. Lengths of both sexes combined average about 17 inches (43 centimeters). Wingspans are up to 45 inches (115 centimeters) for both sexes. Weights average about 13.8 ounces (390 grams) for females and 12.7 ounces (360 grams) for males.
MORPHS
No morphs have been reported.
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION
Adult Male - Perched
- a medium-sized, dark black-gray raptor with a thin, sharply hooked beak
- bare facial skin between eye and beak reddish-orange
- reddish eye, cere and corners of mouth
- white undertail coverts
- long square tipped or slightly indented tail
- at rest wing tips project past tail tip
- base of tail feathers white; rest of tail dark black-gray, except for very narrow white or buffy margins on tail tips
- legs reddish-orange
Adult Female - Perched
- a medium-sized brown backed raptor with streaked, or mottled, underparts and a thin, sharply hooked beak
- buffy eyebrow, cheek, and throat contrast with black eye line and yellowish cere
- reddish eye.
- underparts are off-white, streaked broadly with dark brown
- dark brown back and upperwing with rusty edges
- white undertail coverts
- base of tail white; rest of tail slate, except for narrow buffy margins on tail tips.
- orange-yellow legs
Immature - Perched
- very like the female but dark brown eye, streaked crown, yellowish cere
- underparts less heavily streaked than adult female
- yellow legs
SIMILAR SPECIES
Because of the Snail Kite's restricted North American range and its specialized habitat (freshwater marshes), the only other hawk liable to be confused with it is the Northern Harrier. The Northern Harrier has white upper tail coverts, not white tail base and long slender wings, not wings that are narrower near the body and broader near the flight feathers such as those in a Snail Kite.
OTHER NAMES
The Snail Kite was formerly known in North America as the Florida Everglade Kite, or Everglade Kite. Other old names for this species include Black Kite (not to be confused with Milvus migrans, the Black Kite of Eurasia) ; Hook-bill Kite (not to be confused with Chondrohierax unicinctus, the Hook-billed Kite); Sociable Marsh Hawk; and Snail Hawk.
ETYMOLOGY
The scientific name Rostrhamus sociabilis translates to "hooked beak" [hawk] (rostrum, "beak"; and hamus, "hook" - both Latin) that is sociable or gregarious (sociabliis - Latin).
MYTHOLOGY
No mythology has been found for this species.
VOICE
The most frequently heard vocalization is a cackle which sounds like " ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka" or "kor-ee-a-a-a-a". This is the general call and is called at both kites and humans near the nest or feeding perch. A second common call is a rasping "ker-wuck ker-wuck" heard at roosts, in the male's courtship displays, and aggressively toward other kites. The male also gives a rattling gurgle during copulation. The female gives a watch-winding call near the nest to elicit food from her mate. Nestlings give screams sounding like a Red-tailed Hawk.